Brief Overview
This section deals with 'focus areas techniques'!
- 4 related issues: It presents 4 related issues about focus areas techniques:
- 1. Brief description about with 'focus areas techniques'
- 2. Key principles to be followed
- 3. Key advantages of 'focus areas techniques'
- 4. Application of 'focus areas techniques'
- 3 Languages: The techniques are briefly explained in 3 languages as:
- I. English Version
- II. Afan Oromo Version
- III. Amharic Version
====/End of Overview/===
I. Focus Areas: English Version
1. Brief Description
'Focus areas techniques' are study techniques that deal with 'having written focus areas' and also 'using it as guidelines'.
Dear students:
- 'Focus areas' refers to list of areas/topics that exam questions focus on!
- 'Focus areas' is the starting and ending points of your study!
- From my day-to-day experience (as teacher), I have proved that both our students and the books that they (students) study for exams don't give attention for 'focus areas techniques'!
2. Key Principles
Follow the next 2 key principles:
- You (dear students) have to have written focus areas' (for each subject: Grades 9-12)!
- 'Use it as guidelines' while studying! Based on your focus areas, 'balance' your study and cover all areas:
- Don't focus only on a few subjects/ topics!
- Focus on all subjects and topics to be covered by the coming exams!
- Don't forget that exam questions are taken from all topics!
3. Advantage of 'Focus Areas Techniques'
Dear students, if you have 'written focus areas' and use them as guidelines, you will be able to get the followings:
A. Knowing and focusing:
- You will be able to know all the topics that are focused by exams, and then, focus only on them!
- You can identify the topics that will appear on exam and will not appear in the exam.
- If you identify these, when you read 'reference books/textbooks', you will only focus on the topics on your list!
- On the other hand, you don't waste your time!
B. Allocating time based on nature of topics
By nature, some topics need more time; some need less time, depending on their natures!
- If you have 'written focus areas' and use the 'written focus areas' as guidelines, you will be able to identify these types of topics and then, allocate your times for each topic, accordingly!
- You will give more time for the topics that need more time!
C. Making self-assessment repeatedly:
You have to repeatedly make self-assessment and take actions/measures based your 'focus areas'!
- If you have 'written focus areas' and use the 'written focus areas' as guidelines, you will be able to make self-assessment and take actions/measures based your 'focus areas'!
- If you repeatedly make self-assessment, you will be able to get the next 4 interrelated advantages:
- Covered vs Not Covered Areas: you will be able to identify the areas that you have already covered/studied and those you haven't yet covered/studied! Then, focus only on those you haven't yet covered/studied!
- Understood vs Not Understood Areas: you will be able to identify the areas that you have understood and those you haven't yet understood! Then, focus only on those you haven't yet understood!
- Make balanced preparation: you will be able to make balanced preparation: you will not focus only on a few topics and leave other topics!
- Cover/study all topics: you will be able to cover/finish (study) before exams.
4. Application of Focus Areas Techniques
You are given different lists to be used as focus areas for different subjects and also for different types of exams.
A. For Grade 12 University Entrance Exams
- Focus areas for English Subject Exams: Use the list (see at the end) for Grade 12: English: University Entrance Exams: Focus Areas.
- Focus areas for other subjects: For other subjects, you can use your textbooks' 'table of contents' on each subject for each grade level.
B. Focus areas for Class/School-based Exams
For any subject and also any class/school-based exam (test, mid exams, final exams, model exams and others), focus on the topics you have learnt in the class and also the areas you are told to focus on by your teachers.
Note:
These areas (Grade 12 Entrance) may be changed/improved from time to time! You can update your focus areas based on National Exams and also Textbooks!
II. Focus Areas: Afan Oromoo Version
1. Ibsa Gabaabaa
Tooftaan qo'annaa 'Focus Areas Techniques' tooftaa toora xiyyeeffannoo (focus areas) qormaataa irratti xiyyeeffatuudha!
- Tooftaan kun tooftaalee qo'annaa (study techniques) keessaa isa jalqabaa ykn 'bu'uuraati' fi tooftaa waliigalaati (barataa fi barnoota hundaaf kan hojjetuudha)!
- Garuu xiyyeeffannoon itti hin keennamne (qorannoodhaan, barreessitoota kitaabaatiin, barattootaan ...)!
- Fakkeenyaaf, qorannoo koo fi muuxannoo guyyaa guyyaa (akka barsiisaatti) koo irraa, barattoonni koo irra caalaan isaanii gama kanaan rakkoo guddaa qabu!
- Irra caalaan isaanii toora xiyyeeffannoo (focus areas) barreeffamaan hin qaban kan qabaniis itti hin fayyadaman!
- Kanarraa kan ka'e mata duree qo'achuu qaban hunda "osoo hin fixin qormaata fudhatan"!
2. Qaceelfamoota Ijoo ( 2 Key Principles)
Kabajamtoota barattoota, qaceelfamoota 2 armaan gadii kana hordofaa!
A. Qabaachuu Qabdun!
- Mata dureewwan (Focus areas) qormaanni irratti xiyyeeffatu hunda bakka tokkotti, barreeffamaan qabaachuu qabdan!
- Yoo kana ta'uu baate, maal irratti xiyyeeffachuu akka qabdanii fi maal irratti xiyyeeffachuu akka hin qabne hin beektan!
B. Itti Fayyadamaa!
Mata dureewwan (Focus areas) qormaanni irratti xiyyeeffatu barreeffamaan qabaachuun gahaa miti!
- Itti fayyadamuu qabdu! Qo'annaa keessan 'balance' godhaa deemaa; mata dureewwan hunda fixaa!
- Mata dureewwan/gosa barnootaa muraasa qofa irratti hin xiyyeeffatinaa!
- Qormaanni mata dureewwan hunda keessaa waan bahuuf mata dureewwan hunda waliin gaha!
3. Faayidaalee Toora Xiyyeeffannoo
Toora Xiyyeeffannoo ('Focus areas') qabaattanii, isa irratti hundaa'uun, yoo qo'attan:
A. Beekuu fi xiyyeeffachuu
- Mata dureewwan qorumsa irratti dhufanii fi hin dhufne sirritti beektanii, kan qorma irratti dhufan qofa irratti xiyyeeffachuuf isin gargaara!
B. Yeroo sirritti ramaduuf
- Mata dureewwan xiyyeeffannoo guddaa barbaadanii fi kanneen xiyyeeffannoo guddaa hin barbaanne addaan baasuun, kanneen xiyyeeffannoo guddaa barbaadan irratti xiyyeeffadhaa!
C. Of madaaluuf
- 'Focus Areas' keessan irratti hundaa'uun, yeroo yeroon of madaaluun, tarkaanfii barbaachisaa ta'e fudhachuu qabdan! Yoo kana gootan:
- Mata duree qo'attee fi kan hin qo'atiin addaan baafattanii, mata duree hin qu'atiin qofa irratti xiyyeeffattan!
- Mata duree siif galee fi siif hin galiin adda baafattanii, kannee siif hin galiin qofa irratti xiyyeeffattan! Kunis adeemsa keessan "balance" godhaa akka deemtan isin gargaara!
- Mata dureewwan muraasa qofa irratti xiyyeeffattanii, kan biroo hin dhistan!
- Haaluma kanaan yoo deemte, qormaata duratti mata dureewwan hunda qu'attanii xumuruu ni dandeessan!
III. Focus Areas: Amharic Version
1. አጭር ገለፃ
ይህ ስልት 'Focus areas strategy' በዋናነት በብዙ ተማሪዎች የተዘነጉ ሁለት ቁልፍ ነጥቦችን የሚያስገነዝብ መሰረታዊ ስልት ነው! ተማሪዎች ለፈተና ሲዘጋጁ ማድረግ ከሚገባቸው ዋና ዋና ተግባራት ውስጥ አንዱ ፈተናው የሚያተኩርባቸውን ርዕሶች ዝርዝራቸውን (Focus Areas Lists) በፅሁፍ እጃቸው ላይ ሊኖራቸው ይገባል! ሊስቱ በፅሁፍ በእጃቸው ላይ መኖሩ ብቻ በቂ አይደለም፤ ሊስቱን ተጠቅመው ጥናታቸውን 'balance' እያደረጉ መሄድ ና ሁሉንም ርዕሶች ከፈተና በፊት 'cover' ማድረግ አለባቸው!
'Focus Areas Techniques' ከጥናት ስልቶች ውስጥ ቀዳሚው/ የመጀመሪያው ወይም 'መሰረታዊው' ስልት (ቴክኒክ) ነው! ነገር ግን በጣም ዝቅተኛ ትኩረት (by researches, book writers, students ...) የተሰጠው ስልት ነው! ለምሳሌ እኔ ባደርኩት ጥናት ና ከእለት-ተእለት- ልምዴ (as teacher) በዚህ ረገድ አብዛኞቹ ተማሪዎቼ ትልቅ ችግር አለባቸው! ብዙዎቹ ወይ ዝርዝሩን በፅሁፍ የላቸውም ወይም ኖሯቸው ግን ትጥናታቸውን balance ለማድረግ አይጠቀሙበትም! በዚህ ምክንያት እያንዳንዱን ማጥናት የሚገባቸውን ርዕስ "cover ሳያደርጉ ለፈተና ይቀርባሉ"!
2. ቁልፍ መርሆች (Key Principles)
ውድ ተማሪዎች ከላይ የተጠቀሱትን ችግሮ ለመቅረፍ ና ያላችሁን ጊዜ /ጊዜያችሁን 'efficiently' በመጠቅም 'cover' ማድረግ የሚገባችሁን ርዕሶች በትክክል 'cover' ለማድረግ፣ ቀጥሎ የተጠቀሱትን 2 ቀላል መርሆች ተከተሉ! እነዚህ 2 መርሆዎች (Principles) ከነ ጠቀሜታቸው በአጭር በአጭሩ እንደ ሚከተለው ቀርበዋል፤ አንብቧቸው፤ ተጠቀሟቸውም!
ሀ. "Focus Areas" ሊናራችሁ ይገባል!
ስለ ምትፈተኑት ፈተና፣ ፈተናው የሚያተኩርባቸውን ርዕሶች (Focus areas) ሁሉንም በአንድ ቦታ፣ በፅሁፍ እጃችሁ ላይ ሊኖራችሁ ይገባል!
- ፈተናችሁ የሚያተኩርባቸውን ርዕሶቹን በፅሁፍ ኖሯችሁ፣ በዚህ መሰረት ጥናታችሁን ካላጠናችሁ፣ ምን ላይ ማተኮር እንዳለባችሁ ና እንደ ሌለባችሁ ማወቅ አትችሉም!
ለ. ሊስታችሁን ተጠቀሙበት!
ሊስቱ በእጃችን ላይ መኖሩ ብቻው በቂ አይደለም!
- ልትጠቀሙበት ይገባል!
- በዚህ መሰረት ሁሉንም ርዕሶች አጥናችሁ መጨረስ አለባችሁ!
- ጥቂት ትምህርቶች/ርዕሶች ላይ ብቻ ማተኮር የለባችሁም!
- ፈተና ከሁሉም ርዕሶች እንደ ሚወጣ መርሳት የለባችሁም!
3. ጠቀሜታዎቹ
ሀ. ማወቅ ና ማተኮር:
- ሊስቱ በእጃሁ ላይ ካለ፣ ፈተና ላይ የሚመጡትን ና የማይመጡትን ርዕሶች ለይታችሁ፣ ማወቅ ና እነሱ ላይ ማተኮር ትችላላችሁ።
- ይሄን ለይታችሁ ካወቃችሁ፣ 'reference books/textbooks' ስታነቡ፣ ሊስታችሁ ላይ ያሉ ርዕሶች ላይ ብቻ ታተኩራላችሁ! ሌላው ላይ ጊዜያችሁን አታጠፉም!
ለ. ግዜያችሁን ባግባቡ መመደብ ና መጠቀም:
- "ትልቅ ትኩረት" የሚፈልጉትን/የሚጠይቁትን ና ትልቅ ትኩረት የማይፈልጉትን/የማይጠይቁትን ርዕሶች ለይታችሁ፣ ትልቅ ትኩረት የሚፈልጉት ላይ አተኩሩ!
ሐ. ራስን መገምገም ና እርምጃ መውሰድ:
በ'Focus Areas'ችሁ ላይ በመመስረት በየጊዜው ራሳችሁን መገምገም ና አስፈላጊውን እርምጃ እየወሰዳችሁ መሄድ አለባችሁ! ይሄ ካደረጋችሁ:-
- ያጠናችኋቸውን ና ያላጠናችኋቸውን ርዕሶች ለይታችሁ፣ ያላጠናችኋቸው ርዕሶች ላይ ብቻ ታተኩራላችሁ!
- የገባችሁን ና ያልገባችሁን ርዕሶች ለይታችሁ፣ ያልገባችሁ ርዕሶች ላይ ብቻ ታተኩራላችሁ!
- ይሄ ደግሞ ጥናታችሁን balance ለማድረግ ይረዳችኋል! የተወሰኑ ርዕሶች ላይ ብቻ አተኩራችሁ፣ ሌሎቹን አትተዋቸውም!
- በዚህ መሰረት ከሄዳችሁ፣ ሁሉንም ርዕሶች ከፈተና በፊት 'cover'/አጥንታችሁ ልትጨርሱ ትችላላችሁ!
"ግማሽ ጎፈሬ..." ወይም "ሰርገኛ መጣ በርበሬ ቀንጥሱ..."! አይነት የፈተና ዝግጅት አታደርጉም "Focus Areas Techniques" ባግባቡ ከተጠቀማችሁ!