Quantifiers Some, any, everyone, everything, anything... with Grade 12 Entrance Questions

Quantifiers (English): Smart Note-3: Some, Any and Indefinite Pronouns (Everyone, Anything, Nowhere...)
By Million Abebe (Masters in English and B. Ed. Degree in Pedagogy)
Brief Overview 
Dear students/anyone reading this material, read the next 3 issues before directly starting the  explanations: 
  • Third smart note: This smart note (smart note-3) is the third and the last smart note for quantifiers. 
  • Topics: It presents some, any and indefinite pronouns (everyone, anything, nowhere...).
  • Sections: It has 4 sections:
1. Some and Any
2. Indefinite Pronouns (Everybody, Something...)
3. Smart Summaries
4. Links: All the necessary links...
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Attention Please: 5 Smart Materials
Dear students, make sure that you have read each of the next 5 smart materials that focus only on quantifiers!

Note:
  • These 5 smart materials have been carefully designed! 
  • Please, to get complete understanding on quantifiers, read these materials. 
  • All the links of these 5 smart materials are given at the end!
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1. Some and Any
1.1. Some
A. Uses:
  • 'Some' is used for positive ideas/ affirmative statement.
  • 'Some' could also be used for questions. In addition to affirmative statement, 'some' can also be used with interrogative/questions.
    • When we think the answer might be ‘'yes’. That means, we have some clues about the issues.
    • It could also be used with invitation/officer and requests to be more polite.
B. Forms:
  • Some can be followed either by CN or UNC: it is used either with CN or UNC.
    • Some is used with plural countable noun.
    • Some is also used with uncountable noun.
    • Sometimes, 'some' could be followed by singular countable noun to say "unknown", though not much common.
  • Common Forms:
    • some + plural countable noun
    • some + uncountable noun
    • some + singular countable noun (unknown)
Examples:
  • Some African countries have lifted their economy.
  • Some information about coronavirus is confusing.
  • I would like to show you some techniques, how to answer questions.
  • Some students are disturbing.
  • I have put it some place in this house.
  • I saw some girl here yesterday.
Note
Although the rule says 'some' or 'something' is used for positive idea, practically, it could be used for negative idea!
Examples:
  • Some students are not attending my explanation.
The following examples are taken from Oxford Grammar Book:
  • 'Some' people have 'not' read the book. 
  • Which can refer to people or to 'something' [which is] not human. 
  • What refers mostly to 'something' [which is] not human, but it can refer to people when it comes before a noun.
1.2. Any
A. Uses:
  • Any is used for negative idea with negative words/verbs.
  • It can be used for question/interrogative sentence, with or without negative words/verbs.
  • It is also used for positive idea to say 'it doesn't matter'.
B. Forms: 
  • Any can be followed either by CN or UNC: it is used either with CN or UNC.
    • Any is used with singular countable noun.
    • Any is used with plural countable noun.
    • Any is also used with uncountable noun.
  • Common Forms:
    • Any + singular countable noun
    • Any + plural countable noun
    • Any + uncountable noun
Examples:
  • I haven't yet got any information about our coming exam.  
  • Can you tell any information about our coming exam.
  • We have not seen any students today.  
  • We have not seen any student today.
  • Haven't you got any information about the war between Ukraine and Russia?
  • You can ask me any question about quantifiers.
Note:
♦ Sometimes, although we do not have the above negative verbs or words, a sentence can have negative meaning.
Examples:
  • She rejects any question about marriage .  
  • They refused to eat any food because of their anger.
  • Though they began to look for money early morning, finally they came up without any money.
All the above three examples are negative; what do make them negative?
(rejected, refused, without.. .)
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2. Indefinite Pronouns (Everyone, Anything, Nowhere...)

2.1. Basic Concepts: 5 Issues
  • Indefinite pronouns are formed by adding the words 'one/body', 'thing' and 'where' on 4 quantifiers: 'some', 'every', 'no' and 'any'.
  • They are used to refer to people, things and place; indefinite pronouns that end with:
    • 'one/body' refer to people. 
    • 'thing' refer to things.
    •  'where' refer to place.
  • They are used for positive ideas and negative ideas; indefinite pronouns that begin with:
    • 'some' and 'every' are used positive ideas.  
    • 'no' and 'any' are used for negative ideas. 
  • Singular verb is used after indefinite pronouns (if they are used as subject of a sentence).
  • Indefinite pronouns are used without noun since they are pronouns; pronouns are used as noun. 
  • For example, no one student is in the class; everyone students is outside. (Wrong: 'student' and 'students' should)
Note
For the sake of explanations, in this note, I have  categorized these indefinite pronouns as 'some groups', 'every groups', 'any groups' and 'no groups'.
  • 'Some groups': someone/body/thing/where
  • 'Every groups': everyone/body/thing/where
  • 'No groups': no one/body/thing/where
  • 'Any groups': anyone/body/thing/where

2.2. Uses of Indefinite Pronouns

Generally, indefinite pronouns are used for positive idea and negative idea.
  • 'Some groups' and 'every groups' are used for positive idea.
    • 'Some groups' are used for particular thing/person/place.
    • 'Every groups' are used for general or to say 'all the' things/people/places.
  • 'Any groups' and 'no groups' are used for negative ideas.
    • 'Any groups' are used with negative words/verbs since they are not negative by themselves.
    • 'No groups' are used without negative words/verbs since they are negative by themselves.
A. Something/somebody/someone/somewhere
  • are used for particular (but not exactly) thing/place/person.
    • Something is used for thing/action/idea...
    • Someone/somebody is used to refer a person
    • Somewhere is used to refer/to say place,
Examples:
  • Someone is talking. But I don't know exactly who is he/she.
  • I have put my mobile somewhere in this house.
  • We have to do something to break the silence.
Note:
 Negative could be used in other clause in which someone/something/somewhere is not found.
 Look the first example.
B. Everyone/everybody/everything/everywhere
  • are used for general things/places/people.
  • everyone/everybody= all (the) people within a given place/situation
  • everything= all the things/actions/ideas...
  • everywhere = (in) all (the) places
Examples:
  • Everyone/body is talking about me in this school.
  • Everywhere I go in this school, I hear this.
  • Since everyone is talking about me, everything is went out of my control.
C. Anything/anybody/anyone/anywhere
 Anything/anywhere/anybody/anyone are used:-
  • To express negative ideas. They are with negative verbs or negative words. 
Note:
    • Negative verbs: not, none, no, few, little never, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, neither, nor....
    • Negative verbs: auxiliary verb + not: 'is/was/may/does not'...
  • For question/interrogative sentence with or without negative verbs or negative words.
  • For positive idea to say "it does not matter".
Examples:
  • I have not heard anything about you. Where have you been?
  • We have hardly heard anything about you. Where have you been?
  • Is there anyone who can try this question?
  • The park is open for anybody who wants to visit.
Note:
 Any and anything/anywhere/anybody/anyone by nature, they are NOT negative. But they are used to express negative ideas with the above negative words.
D. Nothing/where/body/one...
  • Nothing, nowhere and nobody/one are, by nature, negative.
  • They are used to express negative without the above negative words.
Examples:
  • I saw nothing suspicious. I did not see anything new in his speech.
  • There was nowhere to park.
3. Smart Summaries
Dear students, the above explanations (sections 1&2) deal with 'some, any and indefinite pronouns (everyone, anything, nowhere...)'! 
  • Here, they are briefly summarized for you!
  • Use them!
3.1. Smart Summary-1: Some and Any
3.2. Smart Summary-2: Indefinite Pronouns (Everyone, Anything, Nowhere...)
Check Yourself
1. We know that you did ______ to make us live comfortably. Why do you expect us to
acknowledge you now? Please, don't expect _________ from us; leave us!
A. nothing/nothing 
B. everything/anything 
C. some/anything 
D. nothing/anything
2. We know that you did ______ you could so as to make us live comfortably. Why don't you
expect us to acknowledge you now? We should do!
A. anything 
B. everything 
C. something 
D. a lot
3. We know that you were ready to do ______, even carrying stones, to make us live comfortably.
Why don't you, now, expect us to acknowledge you, my precious bro!
A. no 
B. everything 
C. any 
D. anything
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4. Links: All Related Links in One Place 
Only about Quantifiers  











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